148 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
# Punycode.js [](https://www.npmjs.com/package/punycode) [](https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/punycode)
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Punycode.js is a robust Punycode converter that fully complies to [RFC 3492](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492) and [RFC 5891](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891).
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This JavaScript library is the result of comparing, optimizing and documenting different open-source implementations of the Punycode algorithm:
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* [The C example code from RFC 3492](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492#appendix-C)
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* [`punycode.c` by _Markus W. Scherer_ (IBM)](http://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-400.42/icuSources/common/punycode.c)
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* [`punycode.c` by _Ben Noordhuis_](https://github.com/bnoordhuis/punycode/blob/master/punycode.c)
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* [JavaScript implementation by _some_](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/183485/can-anyone-recommend-a-good-free-javascript-for-punycode-to-unicode-conversion/301287#301287)
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* [`punycode.js` by _Ben Noordhuis_](https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/426298c8c1c0d5b5224ac3658c41e7c2a3fe9377/lib/punycode.js) (note: [not fully compliant](https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/2072))
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This project was [bundled](https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/master/lib/punycode.js) with Node.js from [v0.6.2+](https://github.com/joyent/node/compare/975f1930b1...61e796decc) until [v7](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/7941) (soft-deprecated).
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This project provides a CommonJS module that uses ES2015+ features and JavaScript module, which work in modern Node.js versions and browsers. For the old Punycode.js version that offers the same functionality in a UMD build with support for older pre-ES2015 runtimes, including Rhino, Ringo, and Narwhal, see [v1.4.1](https://github.com/mathiasbynens/punycode.js/releases/tag/v1.4.1).
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## Installation
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Via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/):
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```bash
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npm install punycode --save
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```
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In [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/):
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> ⚠️ Note that userland modules don't hide core modules.
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> For example, `require('punycode')` still imports the deprecated core module even if you executed `npm install punycode`.
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> Use `require('punycode/')` to import userland modules rather than core modules.
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```js
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const punycode = require('punycode/');
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```
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## API
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### `punycode.decode(string)`
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Converts a Punycode string of ASCII symbols to a string of Unicode symbols.
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```js
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// decode domain name parts
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punycode.decode('maana-pta'); // 'mañana'
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punycode.decode('--dqo34k'); // '☃-⌘'
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```
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### `punycode.encode(string)`
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Converts a string of Unicode symbols to a Punycode string of ASCII symbols.
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```js
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// encode domain name parts
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punycode.encode('mañana'); // 'maana-pta'
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punycode.encode('☃-⌘'); // '--dqo34k'
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```
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### `punycode.toUnicode(input)`
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Converts a Punycode string representing a domain name or an email address to Unicode. Only the Punycoded parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it on a string that has already been converted to Unicode.
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```js
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// decode domain names
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punycode.toUnicode('xn--maana-pta.com');
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// → 'mañana.com'
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punycode.toUnicode('xn----dqo34k.com');
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// → '☃-⌘.com'
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// decode email addresses
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punycode.toUnicode('джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq');
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// → 'джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa'
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```
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### `punycode.toASCII(input)`
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Converts a lowercased Unicode string representing a domain name or an email address to Punycode. Only the non-ASCII parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it with a domain that’s already in ASCII.
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```js
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// encode domain names
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punycode.toASCII('mañana.com');
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// → 'xn--maana-pta.com'
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punycode.toASCII('☃-⌘.com');
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// → 'xn----dqo34k.com'
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// encode email addresses
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punycode.toASCII('джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa');
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// → 'джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq'
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```
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### `punycode.ucs2`
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#### `punycode.ucs2.decode(string)`
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Creates an array containing the numeric code point values of each Unicode symbol in the string. While [JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding), this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point, matching UTF-16.
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```js
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punycode.ucs2.decode('abc');
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// → [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]
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// surrogate pair for U+1D306 TETRAGRAM FOR CENTRE:
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punycode.ucs2.decode('\uD834\uDF06');
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// → [0x1D306]
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```
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#### `punycode.ucs2.encode(codePoints)`
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Creates a string based on an array of numeric code point values.
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```js
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punycode.ucs2.encode([0x61, 0x62, 0x63]);
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// → 'abc'
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punycode.ucs2.encode([0x1D306]);
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// → '\uD834\uDF06'
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```
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### `punycode.version`
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A string representing the current Punycode.js version number.
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## For maintainers
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### How to publish a new release
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1. On the `main` branch, bump the version number in `package.json`:
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```sh
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npm version patch -m 'Release v%s'
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```
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Instead of `patch`, use `minor` or `major` [as needed](https://semver.org/).
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Note that this produces a Git commit + tag.
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1. Push the release commit and tag:
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```sh
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git push && git push --tags
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```
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Our CI then automatically publishes the new release to npm, under both the [`punycode`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/punycode) and [`punycode.js`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/punycode.js) names.
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## Author
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| [](https://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter") |
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| [Mathias Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/) |
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## License
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Punycode.js is available under the [MIT](https://mths.be/mit) license.
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